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ap生物專業(yè)詞匯匯總,你掌握了嗎

學(xué)習(xí)方法       時間:2019-08-26 11:18      

 

  對于ap生物課程的學(xué)習(xí)來說,各種專業(yè)詞匯是我們必須要熟悉和掌握的一大要點。下面A+國際教育小編就為大家匯總整理了各單元AP生物專業(yè)詞匯,希望對大家ap生物課程的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。


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  Unit 1 The Chemistry of Life


  生命中的化學(xué)


  ionic bonding離子鍵_


  covalent bonding共價鍵_


  hydrogen bonding氫鍵_


  polar,(non polar)molecule極性_(非極性)分子_


  monomer單體_


  polymer多聚物_


  functional group(有機(jī)化學(xué)中的)功能團(tuán)_


  carbohydrate糖類,碳水化合物_


  protein蛋白質(zhì)_


  lipid脂類_


  nucleicacid核酸_


  DNA脫氧核糖核酸_


  RNA核糖核酸


  enzyme生物酶


  activationenergy反應(yīng)起始需要的能量


  Unit 2 The Cell


  細(xì)胞


  prokaryote原核生物_


  eukaryote真核生物_


  cell membrane細(xì)胞膜_


  phospholipid bilayer磷脂雙分子層


  fluidmosaic model(生物膜的)流動鑲嵌模型_


  diffusion擴(kuò)散_


  osmosis滲透_


  activetransport主動運輸_


  exocytosis胞吐_


  endocytosis胞吞_


  organelle細(xì)胞器_


  chloroplast葉綠體_


  mitochondria線粒體_


  lysosome溶酶體_


  ribosome核糖體_


  cytoskeleton細(xì)胞骨架_


  cellular respiration細(xì)胞呼吸_


  fermentation發(fā)酵,無氧呼吸_


  glycolysis糖酵解_


  chemiosmosis化學(xué)偶聯(lián)_


  citricacid(kreb’s)cycle三羧酸循環(huán)_


  oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化_


  electron transport chain電子傳遞鏈_


  lacticacid乳酸_


  photosynthesis光合作用_


  autotrophy自養(yǎng)生物_


  heterotrophy異養(yǎng)生物_


  lightreaction光反應(yīng)_


  calvincycle(dark reaction)暗反應(yīng)_


  thylakoid類囊體_


  stroma葉綠體基質(zhì)_


  carbon fixation固碳(合成糖)的反應(yīng)_


  Unit 3 Genetics


  遺傳


  mitosis有絲分裂_


  chromosome染色體_


  interphase間期_


  prophase前期_


  metaphase中期_


  anaphase后期_


  telophase末期_


  cytokinesis胞質(zhì)分裂_


  meiosis減數(shù)分裂_


  haploid單倍體_


  diploid雙倍體_


  sister chromatid姐妹染色單體_


  allele等位基因_


  dominant顯性_


  recessive隱性_


  phenotype表現(xiàn)型_


  genotype基因型_


  homozygous純合子_


  heterozygous雜合子_


  P,F1,F2 generation母代,子一代,子二代_


  testcross測交_


  law of segregation分離定律_


  law of independent assortment自由組合定律_


  incomplete dominance不完全顯性_


  codominance共顯性_


  sex-linked伴性遺傳_


  DNA replication DNA復(fù)制_


  semi-conservative replication半保留復(fù)制_


  polymerase復(fù)制酶(延長DNA鏈)_


  replication fork復(fù)制叉_


  okazakifragment岡崎片段_


  mutation突變_


  frameshift讀碼框遷移_


  transcription轉(zhuǎn)錄_


  introns內(nèi)含子_


  exons外顯子_


  translation翻譯_


  virus病毒_


  bacteriophage噬菌體_


  retrovirus逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒_


  bacteria細(xì)菌_


  conjugation接合(通過F因子)_


  transduction轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)(通過病毒)_


  transformation轉(zhuǎn)化(通過感受態(tài)細(xì)胞)_


  gene expression基因表達(dá)_


  operon操縱子_


  recombinant DNA DNA重組級數(shù)_


  restriction enzyme限制性內(nèi)切酶_


  plasmid質(zhì)粒_


  gel electrophoresis凝膠電泳_


  PCR polymerase chain reaction聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)_


  DNA sequencing DNA測序_


  Human genome project人類基因組工程_


  Unit 4 Mechanisms of evolution


  進(jìn)化原理


  paleontology古生物學(xué)_


  embryology胚胎學(xué)_


  comparative anatomy比較解剖學(xué)_


  homologous structures同源性結(jié)構(gòu)_


  analogous structures同功性結(jié)構(gòu)_


  artificial selection人工選擇_


  natural selection自然選擇_


  bottle-neckeffect瓶頸效應(yīng)_


  hardy-weinberg equilibrium H-W群體進(jìn)化平衡(公式)_


  genedrift基因漂移_


  geneflow基因擴(kuò)散_


  allopatrici solation地理隔離_


  sympatric solation非地理隔離_


  divergent evolution發(fā)散式進(jìn)化_


  convergent evolution聚合式進(jìn)化_


  parallel evolution平行式進(jìn)化_


  gradualism漸變式進(jìn)化_


  punctuated equilibrium躍進(jìn)式進(jìn)化_


  endosymbiotic theory內(nèi)共生學(xué)說_


  Unit 5 Biological diversity


  生物分類和多樣性


  Three domain生物三界_


  Archaea古生菌_


  thermophile嗜熱菌_


  halophile嗜鹽菌_


  protis t原生生物_


  algae原生藻_


  diatom硅藻_


  fungi真菌_


  moss苔蘚植物_


  fern羊厥植物_


  gymnosperm裸子植物_


  angiosperm被子植物_


  bilateral體對稱_


  invertebrate無脊椎動物_


  vertebrate有脊椎動物_


  Unit 6 Plantform and function


  植物結(jié)構(gòu)和功能


  parenchyma薄壁組織_


  collenchyma厚角組織_


  sclerenchyma厚壁組織_


  vasculartissue維管組織_


  xylem木質(zhì)部_


  phloem韌皮部_


  sievetube篩管細(xì)胞_


  companion cell伴隨細(xì)胞_


  root根_


  roothair根毛_


  cortex皮質(zhì)_


  leaf葉_


  stomata氣孔細(xì)胞_


  guard cell保衛(wèi)細(xì)胞_


  vascular bundle維管束鞘_


  transpiration蒸騰作用_


  plant hormone植物激素_


  auxin植物生長素_


  apical dominance頂端優(yōu)勢_


  gibberellin赤霉素_


  cytokinin細(xì)胞分裂素_


  ethylene乙烯_催熟劑_


  abscisicacid(ABA)脫落酸_


  phototropism趨光性_


  photoperiodism光周期性_


  Unit 7 Animalform and function


  動物生理和功能


  homeostasis動態(tài)平衡,穩(wěn)態(tài)_


  respiratory System呼吸系統(tǒng)_


  gill鰓_


  lung肺_


  hemoglobin血紅蛋白_


  circulatory System循環(huán)系統(tǒng)_


  open circulatory system開放循環(huán)系統(tǒng)_


  closed circulatory system閉合循環(huán)系統(tǒng)_


  heart心臟_


  atria動脈_


  ventricle靜脈_


  valve心瓣_


  pulmonary circuit肺循環(huán)_


  systemic circuit體循環(huán)_


  capillary毛細(xì)血管_


  RBC紅細(xì)胞_


  WBC白細(xì)胞_


  platelet血小板_


  plasma血漿_


  excretory system泌尿系統(tǒng)_


  urea尿素_


  uricacid尿酸_


  digestive system消化系統(tǒng)_


  salivaryamylase唾液淀粉酶_


  pharynx咽_


  stomach胃_


  pepsin胃蛋白酶_


  smallintestine小腸_


  pancreas胰腺_


  liver肝臟_


  gallbladder膽_


  largeintestine大腸_


  nervoussystem神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)_


  peripheral(神經(jīng))末梢區(qū)域的_


  animalbehavior動物行為_


  FAP(sign stimlulus)應(yīng)激反應(yīng)_


  imprinting印隨_


  classical conditioning經(jīng)典條件作用,條件反射_


  operant conditioning操作性條件反射_


  habituation條件適應(yīng)_


  Unit 8 Ecology


  生態(tài)


  survivorship curves生存曲線_


  exponential growth指數(shù)生長_


  carrying capacity(一個環(huán)境條件所允許的最大種群數(shù)量)負(fù)載力_


  r-selected,K-selected見相關(guān)課本_


  predation捕食者_(dá)


  symbiosis共生_


  mutualism互利共生_


  commensalism非互利共生_


  parasitism寄生_


  biome生境_


  tropicalrain forest熱帶雨林_


  savanna熱帶稀樹大草原_


  temperate grassland溫帶草原_


  temperate deciduous forest溫帶落葉林_


  desert沙漠_


  taiga針葉林_


  tundra凍原_


  freshwater淡水生境_


  marine海水生境_


  primary producer初級生產(chǎn)者_(dá)


  primary consumer初級消費者_(dá)


  secondary consumer次級消費者_(dá)


  tertiary consumer三級消費者_(dá)


  decomposer分解者_(dá)


  foodweb食物鏈_


  ecological pyramid食物鏈金字塔_


  eutrophication富營養(yǎng)化_


  carbon cycle碳循環(huán)_


  water cycle水循環(huán)_


  nitrogen cycle氮循環(huán)_


  phosphorus cycle磷循環(huán)_


  greenhouse effect,global warming溫室效應(yīng)_


  ozone depletion臭氧層變薄_


  acidrain酸雨_


  lossof habitat&biodiversity生物多樣性受損_


  deforestation森林砍伐和破壞_


  introduced species外來入侵生物_


  overexploitation過度開發(fā)_


  desertification沙漠化_


  怎么樣,以上各單元ap生物專業(yè)詞匯大家有沒有記牢呢?如果在ap課程學(xué)習(xí)上還有什么問題的話一定要及時反饋給A+國際教育輔導(dǎo)老師,讓專業(yè)的國際課程老師為你掃清學(xué)習(xí)和考試上的障礙吧!

 

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