AP統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)考什么？AP統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)考點(diǎn)及內(nèi)容總結(jié)

 

　　統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)是AP課程學(xué)習(xí)中非常熱門的一門學(xué)科，并且適用性非常廣泛，經(jīng)濟(jì)、生物、社會學(xué)等諸多熱門專業(yè)都對學(xué)生統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)非?？粗?。那么AP統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)考什么呢？下面A加未來小編就帶大家來了解一下AP統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)考點(diǎn)以及設(shè)計(jì)到的考試內(nèi)容，希望對大家有所幫助。

　　第一部分：探索數(shù)據(jù)(Exploring Data)

　　(1)建立與解釋圖表(Constructingand interpreting graphic displays of distributions of univariate data)

　　點(diǎn)狀圖(Dotplot)，莖葉圖(Stemplot)，直方圖(Histogram)，累計(jì)頻數(shù)圖(Cumulative FrequencyDistribution)，盒式圖(Boxplot)

　　中心與離散(Center andSpread)，聚類與間隙(Cluster and Gap)，極值(Outlier)，形狀(Shape)

　　(2)一元數(shù)據(jù)分布(Distributions of univariate data)

　　均值與中位數(shù)(Mean and Median)

　　極差，四分位距，方差與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(Range,Interquartile Range,Variance and Standard Deviation)

　　四分位數(shù)，百分位數(shù)，Z值(Quartiles,Percentiles,Z-score)

　　變換單位的影響(Effect of Changing Units)

　　(3)數(shù)據(jù)分布比較(Comparing distributions of univariate data)

　　比較中心，離散，聚類，間隙，極值與形狀(Comparingcenter,spread,clusters,gaps,outliers and shape)

　　(4)二元數(shù)據(jù)(Bivariate data)

　　散點(diǎn)圖，相關(guān)性與線性(Scatterplot,Correlation and Linearity)

　　最小二乘回歸線(Least squares regression line)

　　殘差圖，極值和強(qiáng)影響點(diǎn)(Residual plot,outliers,influential points)

　　線性轉(zhuǎn)換(Transformations to achieve linearity)

　　(5)分類數(shù)據(jù)(Categorical data)

　　雙向表的邊際頻數(shù)和聯(lián)合頻數(shù)(Marginaland joint frequencies for two-way tables)

　　相對條件頻數(shù)與關(guān)聯(lián)(Conditional relative frequencies and association)

　　第二部分抽樣和實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)(Sampling and experimentation)

　　(6)數(shù)據(jù)收集的方法(Methods of data collection)

　　普查，抽樣調(diào)查，觀察研究(Census,Sample survey,Observational study)

　　實(shí)驗(yàn)(Experiment)

　　(7)調(diào)查的規(guī)劃與實(shí)施(Planning and conducting surveys)

　　設(shè)計(jì)合理且易于實(shí)施的調(diào)查的特征(Characteristicsof a well-designed and well-conducted survey)

　　總體，樣本,隨機(jī)選擇(Populations,Samples,RandomSelection)

　　調(diào)查中偏誤的來源(Sources of bias in sampling and surveys)

　　隨機(jī)抽樣方法(Sampling methods)

　　(8)實(shí)驗(yàn)的規(guī)劃與實(shí)施(Planning and conducting experiments)

　　設(shè)計(jì)合理且易于實(shí)施的實(shí)驗(yàn)的特征(Characteristicsof a well-designed and well-conducted experiment)

　　處理，對照組，實(shí)驗(yàn)單位，隨機(jī)分配，復(fù)制(Treatment,control group,experimental units,randomization,replication)

　　安慰劑效應(yīng)，盲法(Placebo effect,Blinding)

　　完全隨機(jī)化設(shè)計(jì)(Completely randomized design)

　　隨機(jī)分組設(shè)計(jì),包括配對設(shè)計(jì)(Randomized block design,including matched pairs design)

　　結(jié)果的一般化(Generalizability of results)

　　第三部分預(yù)測模式(Anticipating patterns)

　　(9)概率(Probability)

　　大數(shù)定理(Law of Large Numbers)

　　加法法則(Addition rule)，乘法法則(Multiplication rule)，條件概率(ConditionalProbability)，獨(dú)立(Independence)

　　離散隨機(jī)變量及其概率分布,包括二項(xiàng)分布和幾何分布(Discrete random variables and their probability distributions,including binomial and geometric)

　　隨機(jī)行為與概率分布的模擬(Simulationof random behavior and probability distributions)

　　隨機(jī)變量的期望值與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(Mean andstandard deviation of a random variable)

　　(10)整合獨(dú)立隨機(jī)變量(Combiningindependent random variables)

　　獨(dú)立與非獨(dú)立(Independence and dependence)

　　獨(dú)立隨機(jī)變量的和與差的平均值與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(Meanand standard deviation for sums and differences of independent randomvariables)

　　(11)正態(tài)分布(Normaldistribution)

　　正態(tài)分布的屬性(Properties of normal distribution)

　　使用正態(tài)分布表(Using tables of normal distribution)

　　正態(tài)分布作為衡量模型(Normaldistribution as a model for measurements)

　　(12)抽樣分布(Sampling distribution)

　　中心極限定理(Central Limit Theorem)

　　樣本比例的抽樣分布(Sampling distribution of a sample proportion)

　　樣本均值的抽樣分布(Sampling distribution of a sample mean)

　　兩獨(dú)立樣本比例差的抽樣分布(Samplingdistribution of a difference between two independent sample proportions)

　　兩獨(dú)立樣本均值差的抽樣分布(Samplingdistribution of a difference between two independent sample means)

　　抽樣分布的模擬(Simulation of sampling distributions)

　　t分布，卡方分布(T-distribution,Chi-square Distribution)

　　第四部分統(tǒng)計(jì)推斷(Statistical Inference)

　　(13)置信區(qū)間(ConfidenceInterval)

　　置信區(qū)間的概念(Meaning of Confidence Interval)

　　比例的置信區(qū)間(Confidence Interval for a Proportion)

　　兩比例差的置信區(qū)間(ConfidenceInterval for a difference of Two Proportions)

　　均值的置信區(qū)間(Confidence Interval for a Mean)

　　兩均值差的置信區(qū)間,成對與不成對(Confidence Interval for a difference of Two Means,Paired andUnpaired)

　　最小二乘回歸線斜率的置信區(qū)間(ConfidenceInterval for the Slope of a Least Squares Regression Line)

　　(14)顯著性檢驗(yàn)(Tests ofsignificance)

　　顯著性檢驗(yàn)的邏輯(Logic of significance testing)

　　零假設(shè)與備擇假設(shè)，P-值(Null and alternative hypothesis,P-value)

　　單側(cè)檢驗(yàn)與雙側(cè)檢驗(yàn)(One-and two-sided test)

　　第一類錯誤與第二類錯誤，顯著性檢驗(yàn)的效力(TypeI and Type II errors,Power of the test)

　　比例的檢驗(yàn)(Large sample test for a proportion)

　　兩比例差的檢驗(yàn)(Large sampletest for a difference between two proportions)

　　均值的檢驗(yàn)(Test for a mean)

　　兩均值差的檢驗(yàn),成對與不成對(Test for a difference between two means,paired and unpaired)

　　最小二乘回歸線斜率的檢驗(yàn)(Test forthe slope of a least squares regression line)

　　擬合度，比例齊性與獨(dú)立性的卡方檢驗(yàn)(Chi-squaretest for goodness of fit,independence,and homogeneity of proportions)

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