在AQA的物理中，GCSE階段能量部分需要了解的詞匯

 

 

Big Bang  大爆炸

 

The scientific theory that describes the early development of the Universe.

 

chemical energy化學(xué)能源

 

A type of stored energy. It is taken in when chemical bonds break, and given out when chemical bonds are made.

 

Comet彗星

 

A ball of icy rock that follows an elliptical orbit around the Sun.

 

conductor導(dǎo)體

 

A material which allows charge to move easily through it.

 

dissipated消散

 

The spreading out and transfer of energy stores into less useful forms, such as thermal energy causing the surroundings to heat up. Dissipated energy is often referred to as 'wasted' energy, since it is not transferred to a useful output.

 

dissipation耗散

 

The process of energy being transferred, or lost, to the surroundings.

 

elastic potential energy彈性勢能

 

Energy stored in squashed, stretched or twisted materials.

 

electrical work電氣工作

 

Energy transferred by an electric current.

 

Emitted發(fā)射

 

Energy is 'given-out' by the material and the internal energy of the material will decrease. For example, infrared radiation from the Sun is emitted into space.

 

energy能源

 

The capacity for doing work.

 

 
 

energy store能量存儲

 

The different ways in which energy can be stored, including chemical, kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential and thermal stores.

 

energy transfer能量轉(zhuǎn)移

 

The different ways in which energy can be transferred from one store to another includes heating, by waves, electric current or by a force moving an object.

 

friction摩擦

 

A force that opposes or prevents movement and converts kinetic energy into heat.

 

gravitational potential energy重力勢能

 

The energy stored by an object lifted up against the force of gravity. Also known as GPE.

 

internal energy內(nèi)能

 

The total kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles in an object.

 

kinetic energy動能

 

Energy which an object possesses by being in motion.

 

lubricant滑潤劑

 

A lubricant is anything which reduces the friction between two surfaces.

 

molecule分子

 

A collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

 

potential difference潛在差異
 

The potential difference (or voltage) of a supply is a measure of the energy given to the charge carriers in a circuit. Units = volts (V). This is the voltage between two points that makes an electric current flow between them.

 

radiation輻射

 

Energy transferred as a wave spreading out from a source - eg light, infrared, sound.

 

system系統(tǒng)

 

An object or group of objects.

 

transfer傳遞

When something is moved from one place to another. This may be people, objects or energy.

 

Van de Graaff generator范德格拉夫發(fā)電機

 

A machine that causes friction between a rubber belt and plastic rollers in order to build up electrical charge on a metal dome. A large potential difference is generated.

 

vibrations振動

 

Repeated movements back and forth (about a fixed point).