IGCSE化學(xué)詞匯整理——B

 

　　在學(xué)習(xí)IGCSE化學(xué)課程之前，A加未來(lái)小編建議同學(xué)們體現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)一些基本的IGCSE化學(xué)詞匯，著能夠幫助我們避免很多化學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)上的障礙，并且更好的進(jìn)行知識(shí)點(diǎn)的學(xué)習(xí)和鞏固。今天A加未來(lái)小編為大家準(zhǔn)備了以B開(kāi)頭的部分IGCSE化學(xué)詞匯，一起來(lái)了解一下吧！

 

 

　　background radiation-radiation from external sources,typically from cosmic radiation and radioisotope decay.

 

　　back titration-titration in which the analyte concentration is determined by reacting it with a known quantity of excess reagent.

 

　　balanced equation-chemical equation in which the number and type of atoms and the electric charge is the same on both the reactant and product sides of the equation.

 

　　Balmer series-the part of the hydrogen emission spectrum for electron transitions n=2 and n>2,There are four lines in the visible spectrum.

 

　　barium-alkaline earth metal with element symbol Ba and atomic number 56.

 

　　barometer-instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.

 

　　base-chemical species that either accepts protons or else donates electrons or hydroxide ions.

 

　　base anhydride(basic anhydride)-a metal oxide formed from the reaction between water and a basic solution.

 

　　base metal-any metal besides a precious or noble metal used for jewelry or in industry.

 

　　basic-alkaline or having a pH>7.

 

　　basic solution-aqueous solution containing more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions;solution with pH>7.

 

　　Beer's law(Beer-Lambert Law)-law that states the concentration of a solution is directly proportional to its light absorbance.

 

　　berkelium-radioactive metal with element symbol Bk and atomic number 97.

 

　　beryllium-alkaline earth metal with element symbol Be and atomic number 4.

 

　　beta decay-type of radioactive decay that results in spontaneous emission of a beta particle.

 

　　beta particle-an electron or positron emitted during beta decay.

 

　　beta radiation-ionizing radiation from beta decay in the form of an energetic electron or positron.

 

　　binary acid-an acidic binary compound in which one element is hydrogen and the other element is another nonmetal.

 

　　binary compound-a compound made up of two elements(e.g.,HF).

 

　　binding energy-energy needed to remove an electron from an atom or to separate a proton or neutron from the atomic nucleus.

 

　　biochemistry-Biochemistry is the chemistry of living things.

 

　　bismuth-Bismuth is the name for the element with atomic number 83 and is represented by the symbol Bi.It is a member of the metal group.

 

　　bitumen-natural mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).

 

　　black light-a lamp that emits ultraviolet radiation or the invisible radiation emitted by it.

 

　　block copolymer-copolymer formed by repeating monomer subunits.

 

　　bohrium-transition metal with element symbol Bh and atomic number 107.

 

　　boiling-phase transition from the liquid to gas state.

 

　　boiling point-temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure is equal to the external gas pressure.

 

　　boiling point elevation-the increase in a liquid boiling point caused by adding another compound to it.

 

　　bond-a chemical link formed between atoms in molecules and molecules and ions in crystals.

 

　　bond angle-the angle formed between two adjacent chemical bonds within the same atom.

 

　　bond-dissociation energy-energy required to homolytically break a chemical bond.

 

　　bond energy-quantity of energy needed to break one mole of molecules into component atoms.

 

　　bond enthalpy-enthalpy change resulting when one mole of bonds in a species are broken at 298 K.

 

　　bond length-the equilibrium distance between atomic nuclei or groups of nuclei that share a chemical bond.

 

　　bond order-a measure of the number of electrons involved in chemical bonds between two atoms in a molecule;usually equal to the number of bonds between the atoms.

 

　　boron-Boron is the name for the element with atomic number 5 and is represented by the symbol B.It is a member of the semimetal group.

 

　　Boyle's law-ideal gas law that states the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its absolute pressure,assuming constant temperature.

 

　　branched chain alkane-an alkane with alkyl groups bonded to the central carbon chain.The molecules are branched,but all C-C bonds are single bonds.

 

　　brass-Brass is defined as an alloy of copper and zinc.

 

　　bromine-Bromine is the name for the element with atomic number 35 and is represented by the symbol Br.It is a member of the halogen group.

 

　　Bronsted-Lowry acid-species that yields hydrogen ions.

 

　　Bronsted-Lowry base-species that accepts hydrogen ions in a reaction.

 

　　bronze-Bronze is an alloy of copper,usually containing tin as its main addition.

 

　　buffer-either a weak acid and its salt or else a weak base and its salt that form an aqueous solution that resists pH changes.