igcse物理知識點總結——普通物理
IGCSE物理普通物理部分涉及了眾多基礎物理學的知識,可以說是IGCSE物理考試中的重點。今天A加未來小編就為大家?guī)砹似胀ㄎ锢聿糠值?strong>IGCSE物理知識點總結,快來了解一下吧!
1.1 Length and time長度和時間
1.Use and describe the use of rules and measuring cylinders to determine a length or a volume.使用并且描述如何用尺子和量筒測量長度和體積。
2.Use and describe the use of clocks and devices for measuring an interval of time.使用并且描述如何用鐘表和一些儀器測量時間間隔。
3.Use and describe the use of a mechanical method for the measurement of a small distance.使用并描述利用機械的方法測量短距離。
4.Measure and describe how to measure a short interval of time(including the period of a pendulum).測量和描述怎樣測量一個短時間間隔(包括單擺的周期)。
1.2 Speed,velocity and acceleration速率,速度,加速度
1.Define speed and calculate speed from total distance/total time.
定義速率和計算:速率=總路程/總時間
2.Plot and interpret a speed/time graph or a distance/time graph.
畫和解釋速率/時間圖像或者路程/時間圖像
3.Recognize from the shape of a speed/time graph when a body is(a)at rest,(b)moving with constant speed,or(c)moving with changing speed.
從速率/時間圖像中辨認出:(a)靜止,(b)勻速運動和(c)變速運動。
4.Calculate the area under a speed/time graph to determine the distance traveled for motion with constant acceleration.
計算速率/時間圖像中的面積得出勻加速運動的路程。
5.Demonstrate some understanding that acceleration is related to changing speed.
解釋加速度和速度的改變量之間的聯(lián)系。
6.State that the acceleration of free fall for a body near to the Earth is constant.
說明地球表面附近的物體自由降落的加速度是衡定的。
7.Distinguish between speed and velocity.
區(qū)分速率和速度。
8.Recognize linear motion for which the acceleration is constant and calculate the
acceleration.
認識勻加速的運動并且計算加速度。
9.Recognize motion for which the acceleration is not constant.
認識非勻加速運動。
10.Describe qualitatively the motion of bodies falling in a uniform gravitational field with and without air resistance(including reference to terminal velocity).
定性的描述計和不計空氣阻力物體在均勻重力場中下落的運動(包括設計到末速度。
1.3 Mass and weight質量和重量
1.Show familiarity with the idea of the mass of a body.
熟練掌握一個物體的質量的概念。
2.State that weight is a force.
陳述重量是一種力。
3.Demonstrate understanding that weights(and hence masses)may be compared using a balance.
闡明重量(因此質量)可以用天平來比較。
4.Demonstrate an understanding that mass is a property which'resists'change in motion.闡明質量是物體阻礙加速度的一種性質
5.Describe,and use the concept of,weight as the effect of a gravitational field on a mass.描述和利用重力是重力場作用在物體上的效果的概念。
1.4 Density密度
1.Describe an experiment to determine the density of a liquid and of a regularly shaped solid and make the necessary calculation.
描述一個測量液體或者規(guī)則形狀的固體的密度的實驗并做必要的計算。
2.Describe the determination of the density of an irregularly shaped solid by the method of displacement and make the necessary calculation.
描述通過替代法測量一個不規(guī)則形狀的固體的密度并做必要的計算。
1.5 Force力
(a)Effects of forces力的作用效果
1.State that a force may produce a change in size and shape of a body.
說明一個力可以改變一個物體的大小和形狀。
2.Plot extension/load graphs and describe the associated experimental procedure.
畫伸長量/力的圖像并描述這個相關實驗過程。
3.Describe the ways in which a force may change the motion of a body.
描述力可以怎樣改變一個物體的運動。
4.Find the resultant of two or more forces acting along the same line.
求共線的兩個或多個力的合力。
10.Interpret extension/load graphs.
解釋伸長量/負荷的圖象。
11.State Hooke’s Law and recall and use the expression F=k x.
說明胡克定律并記住使用F=kx。
12.Recognize the significance of the term'limit of proportionality'for an extension/load graph.從伸長量/負荷圖像中辨認出正比例限度。
13.Recall and use the relation between force,mass and acceleration(including the direction).記住和應用力,質量和加速度之間的關系。(F=ma)。
14.Describe,qualitatively,motion in a curved path due to a perpendicular force(F=mv2/r is not required).
定性的描述物體在一個垂直力的作用下沿曲線運動。(b)Turning effect轉動效果
5.Describe the moment of a force as a measure of its turning effect and give everyday examples.描述力矩是力的轉動效果量度并且取例子。
6.Describe,qualitatively,the balancing of a beam about a pivot.
定性的描述一個桿關于支點的平衡。
15.Perform and describe an experiment(involving vertical forces)to verify that there is no net moment on a body in equilibrium.
演示和描述一個實驗證明物體在合力矩為零時會保持平衡。
16.Apply the idea of opposing moments to simple systems in equilibrium.
應用反向的力矩簡化一個系統(tǒng)的平衡。
(c)Conditions for equilibrium平衡的條件
7.State that,when there is no resultant force and no resultant turning effect,a system is in equilibrium.描述當合力為零并且合力矩為零時,系統(tǒng)保持平衡。
(d)Centre of mass質心
8.Perform and describe an experiment to determine the position of the centre of mass of aplane lamina.演示和描述一個在幾何平面內找出物體質心的實驗。
9.Describe qualitatively the effect of the position of the centre of mass on the stability of simple objects.定性的描述質心的位置對物體穩(wěn)定的影響。
(e)Scalars and vectors標量和矢量
17.Demonstrate an understanding of the difference between scalars and vectors and give common examples.闡明和理解標量和矢量之間的區(qū)別并且提出常見的例子。
18.Add vectors by graphical representation to determine a resultant.
通過圖像表示求兩個矢量的和。
19.Determine graphically a resultant of two vectors.
通過畫圖求兩個矢量的和
1.6 Energy,work and power能量,功和功率
(a)Energy能量
1.Demonstrate an understanding that an object may have energy due to its motion or its position,and that energy may be transferred and stored.
描述和理解一個物體由于運動和位置產生的能量,這個能量能夠被轉換和儲存。
2.Give examples of energy in different forms,including kinetic,gravitational,chemical,strain,nuclear,internal,electrical,light and sound.
給一些不同形式的能量的例子,包括動能,勢能,化學能,彈性勢能,核能,內能,電能,光能和聲能,
3.Give examples of the conversion of energy from one form to another and of its transfer from on place to another.
給一些從一種形式的能量轉換為另一種形式的能量,從一個地方傳播到另一個地方。
4.Apply the principle of energy conservation to simple examples
應用能量守恒的簡單的例子。
8.Recall and use the expressions k.e.=½mv2 and p.e.=mgh
記住和應用表達式K.e=1/2mv和p.e=mgh
(b)Energy resources能源
5.Describe how electricity or other useful forms of energy may be obtained from
(i)chemical energy stored in fuel
(ii)water,including the energy stored in waves,in tides,and in water behind
hydroelectric dams
(iii)geothermal resources
(iv)nuclear fission
(v)heat and light from the Sun
描述電能和其它有用的能量形式怎樣從下列能源獲得的:
(i)儲存在然連中的化學能。
(ii)水包括儲存在波和潮汐中的能量和水力電氣水壩后面的水里面的重力勢能(iii)地熱能
(iv)核裂變
(v)來自太陽的熱和光能
9.Show an understanding that energy is released by nuclear fusion in the Sun.
描述和理解太陽的核裂變釋放能量
10.Show a qualitative understanding of efficiency定性的理解效率
(c)Work功
4-relate,without calculation,work done to the magnitude of a force and the distance moved不通過計算找出做功與力的大小和移動的路程之間的關系
5-describe energy changes in terms of work done
描述能量的改變就是做功
6-recall and useΔW=Fd=ΔE記住和應用
(d)Power功率
1-relate,without calculation,power to work done and time taken,using appropriate examples不用計算用合適的例子找出功率與做功和時間的關系
2-recall and use the equation P=E/t in simple systems
記住和應用在一個簡單的系統(tǒng)P=E/t
1.7 Pressure壓強
1-relate,without calculation,pressure to force and area,using appropriate examples不通過計算,通過合適的例子得出壓強,力和面積之間的聯(lián)系
2-describe the simple mercury barometer and its use in measuring atmospheric pressure描述簡單的水銀氣壓計和用它來測量大氣壓強
3-relate,without calculation,the pressure beneath a liquid surface to depth and to density,using appropriate examples
不通過計算通過合適的例子得出液體表面下的壓強,升讀和密度之間的關系4-use and describe the use of a manometer描述壓力計的應用
5recall and use the equation p=F/A記住,會用等式P=F/A
6-recall and use the equation p=hρg記住會用等式p=pgh
以上就是普通物理部分所涉及的所有考點概念以及公式內容,希望通過本文的IGCSE物理知識點總結,能夠幫助大家更好的進行物理的復習和備考。在IGCSE物理學習期間,如果有什么疑問,歡迎隨時咨詢我們!

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