IGCSE物理普通物理部分涉及了眾多基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)的知識(shí)，可以說(shuō)是IGCSE物理考試中的重點(diǎn)。今天A加未來(lái)小編就為大家?guī)?lái)了普通物理部分的IGCSE物理知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)，快來(lái)了解一下吧！
1.1 Length and time長(zhǎng)度和時(shí)間
1.Use and describe the use of rules and measuring cylinders to determine a length or a volume.使用并且描述如何用尺子和量筒測(cè)量長(zhǎng)度和體積。
2.Use and describe the use of clocks and devices for measuring an interval of time.使用并且描述如何用鐘表和一些儀器測(cè)量時(shí)間間隔。
3.Use and describe the use of a mechanical method for the measurement of a small distance.使用并描述利用機(jī)械的方法測(cè)量短距離。
4.Measure and describe how to measure a short interval of time(including the period of a pendulum).測(cè)量和描述怎樣測(cè)量一個(gè)短時(shí)間間隔（包括單擺的周期）。
1.2 Speed,velocity and acceleration速率，速度，加速度
1.Define speed and calculate speed from total distance/total time.
定義速率和計(jì)算：速率=總路程/總時(shí)間
2.Plot and interpret a speed/time graph or a distance/time graph.
畫(huà)和解釋速率/時(shí)間圖像或者路程/時(shí)間圖像
3.Recognize from the shape of a speed/time graph when a body is(a)at rest,(b)moving with constant speed,or(c)moving with changing speed.
從速率/時(shí)間圖像中辨認(rèn)出：(a)靜止，(b)勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)和(c)變速運(yùn)動(dòng)。
4.Calculate the area under a speed/time graph to determine the distance traveled for motion with constant acceleration.
計(jì)算速率/時(shí)間圖像中的面積得出勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)的路程。
5.Demonstrate some understanding that acceleration is related to changing speed.
解釋加速度和速度的改變量之間的聯(lián)系。
6.State that the acceleration of free fall for a body near to the Earth is constant.
說(shuō)明地球表面附近的物體自由降落的加速度是衡定的。
7.Distinguish between speed and velocity.
區(qū)分速率和速度。
8.Recognize linear motion for which the acceleration is constant and calculate the
acceleration.
認(rèn)識(shí)勻加速的運(yùn)動(dòng)并且計(jì)算加速度。
9.Recognize motion for which the acceleration is not constant.
認(rèn)識(shí)非勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)。
10.Describe qualitatively the motion of bodies falling in a uniform gravitational field with and without air resistance(including reference to terminal velocity).
定性的描述計(jì)和不計(jì)空氣阻力物體在均勻重力場(chǎng)中下落的運(yùn)動(dòng)（包括設(shè)計(jì)到末速度。
1.3 Mass and weight質(zhì)量和重量
1.Show familiarity with the idea of the mass of a body.
熟練掌握一個(gè)物體的質(zhì)量的概念。
2.State that weight is a force.
陳述重量是一種力。
3.Demonstrate understanding that weights(and hence masses)may be compared using a balance.
闡明重量（因此質(zhì)量）可以用天平來(lái)比較。
4.Demonstrate an understanding that mass is a property which'resists'change in motion.闡明質(zhì)量是物體阻礙加速度的一種性質(zhì)
5.Describe,and use the concept of,weight as the effect of a gravitational field on a mass.描述和利用重力是重力場(chǎng)作用在物體上的效果的概念。
1.4 Density密度
1.Describe an experiment to determine the density of a liquid and of a regularly shaped solid and make the necessary calculation.
描述一個(gè)測(cè)量液體或者規(guī)則形狀的固體的密度的實(shí)驗(yàn)并做必要的計(jì)算。
2.Describe the determination of the density of an irregularly shaped solid by the method of displacement and make the necessary calculation.
描述通過(guò)替代法測(cè)量一個(gè)不規(guī)則形狀的固體的密度并做必要的計(jì)算。
1.5 Force力
(a)Effects of forces力的作用效果
1.State that a force may produce a change in size and shape of a body.
說(shuō)明一個(gè)力可以改變一個(gè)物體的大小和形狀。
2.Plot extension/load graphs and describe the associated experimental procedure.
畫(huà)伸長(zhǎng)量/力的圖像并描述這個(gè)相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程。
3.Describe the ways in which a force may change the motion of a body.
描述力可以怎樣改變一個(gè)物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
4.Find the resultant of two or more forces acting along the same line.
求共線的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)力的合力。
10.Interpret extension/load graphs.
解釋伸長(zhǎng)量/負(fù)荷的圖象。
11.State Hooke’s Law and recall and use the expression F=k x.
說(shuō)明胡克定律并記住使用F=kx。
12.Recognize the significance of the term'limit of proportionality'for an extension/load graph.從伸長(zhǎng)量/負(fù)荷圖像中辨認(rèn)出正比例限度。
13.Recall and use the relation between force,mass and acceleration(including the direction).記住和應(yīng)用力，質(zhì)量和加速度之間的關(guān)系。（F=ma）。
14.Describe,qualitatively,motion in a curved path due to a perpendicular force(F=mv2/r is not required).
定性的描述物體在一個(gè)垂直力的作用下沿曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)。(b)Turning effect轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)效果
5.Describe the moment of a force as a measure of its turning effect and give everyday examples.描述力矩是力的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)效果量度并且取例子。
6.Describe,qualitatively,the balancing of a beam about a pivot.
定性的描述一個(gè)桿關(guān)于支點(diǎn)的平衡。
15.Perform and describe an experiment(involving vertical forces)to verify that there is no net moment on a body in equilibrium.
演示和描述一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明物體在合力矩為零時(shí)會(huì)保持平衡。
16.Apply the idea of opposing moments to simple systems in equilibrium.
應(yīng)用反向的力矩簡(jiǎn)化一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的平衡。
(c)Conditions for equilibrium平衡的條件
7.State that,when there is no resultant force and no resultant turning effect,a system is in equilibrium.描述當(dāng)合力為零并且合力矩為零時(shí)，系統(tǒng)保持平衡。
(d)Centre of mass質(zhì)心
8.Perform and describe an experiment to determine the position of the centre of mass of aplane lamina.演示和描述一個(gè)在幾何平面內(nèi)找出物體質(zhì)心的實(shí)驗(yàn)。
9.Describe qualitatively the effect of the position of the centre of mass on the stability of simple objects.定性的描述質(zhì)心的位置對(duì)物體穩(wěn)定的影響。
(e)Scalars and vectors標(biāo)量和矢量
17.Demonstrate an understanding of the difference between scalars and vectors and give common examples.闡明和理解標(biāo)量和矢量之間的區(qū)別并且提出常見(jiàn)的例子。
18.Add vectors by graphical representation to determine a resultant.
通過(guò)圖像表示求兩個(gè)矢量的和。
19.Determine graphically a resultant of two vectors.
通過(guò)畫(huà)圖求兩個(gè)矢量的和
1.6 Energy,work and power能量，功和功率
(a)Energy能量
1.Demonstrate an understanding that an object may have energy due to its motion or its position,and that energy may be transferred and stored.
描述和理解一個(gè)物體由于運(yùn)動(dòng)和位置產(chǎn)生的能量，這個(gè)能量能夠被轉(zhuǎn)換和儲(chǔ)存。
2.Give examples of energy in different forms,including kinetic,gravitational,chemical,strain,nuclear,internal,electrical,light and sound.
給一些不同形式的能量的例子，包括動(dòng)能，勢(shì)能，化學(xué)能，彈性勢(shì)能，核能，內(nèi)能，電能，光能和聲能，
3.Give examples of the conversion of energy from one form to another and of its transfer from on place to another.
給一些從一種形式的能量轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種形式的能量，從一個(gè)地方傳播到另一個(gè)地方。
4.Apply the principle of energy conservation to simple examples
應(yīng)用能量守恒的簡(jiǎn)單的例子。
8.Recall and use the expressions k.e.=?mv2 and p.e.=mgh
記住和應(yīng)用表達(dá)式K.e=1/2mv和p.e=mgh
(b)Energy resources能源
5.Describe how electricity or other useful forms of energy may be obtained from
(i)chemical energy stored in fuel
(ii)water,including the energy stored in waves,in tides,and in water behind
hydroelectric dams
(iii)geothermal resources
(iv)nuclear fission
(v)heat and light from the Sun
描述電能和其它有用的能量形式怎樣從下列能源獲得的：
(i)儲(chǔ)存在然連中的化學(xué)能。
(ii)水包括儲(chǔ)存在波和潮汐中的能量和水力電氣水壩后面的水里面的重力勢(shì)能(iii)地?zé)崮?/p>
(iv)核裂變
(v)來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的熱和光能
9.Show an understanding that energy is released by nuclear fusion in the Sun.
描述和理解太陽(yáng)的核裂變釋放能量
10.Show a qualitative understanding of efficiency定性的理解效率
(c)Work功
4-relate,without calculation,work done to the magnitude of a force and the distance moved不通過(guò)計(jì)算找出做功與力的大小和移動(dòng)的路程之間的關(guān)系
5-describe energy changes in terms of work done
描述能量的改變就是做功
6-recall and useΔW=Fd=ΔE記住和應(yīng)用
(d)Power功率
1-relate,without calculation,power to work done and time taken,using appropriate examples不用計(jì)算用合適的例子找出功率與做功和時(shí)間的關(guān)系
2-recall and use the equation P=E/t in simple systems
記住和應(yīng)用在一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的系統(tǒng)P=E/t
1.7 Pressure壓強(qiáng)
1-relate,without calculation,pressure to force and area,using appropriate examples不通過(guò)計(jì)算，通過(guò)合適的例子得出壓強(qiáng)，力和面積之間的聯(lián)系
2-describe the simple mercury barometer and its use in measuring atmospheric pressure描述簡(jiǎn)單的水銀氣壓計(jì)和用它來(lái)測(cè)量大氣壓強(qiáng)
3-relate,without calculation,the pressure beneath a liquid surface to depth and to density,using appropriate examples
不通過(guò)計(jì)算通過(guò)合適的例子得出液體表面下的壓強(qiáng)，升讀和密度之間的關(guān)系4-use and describe the use of a manometer描述壓力計(jì)的應(yīng)用
5recall and use the equation p=F/A記住，會(huì)用等式P=F/A
6-recall and use the equation p=hρg記住會(huì)用等式p=pgh
以上就是普通物理部分所涉及的所有考點(diǎn)概念以及公式內(nèi)容，希望通過(guò)本文的IGCSE物理知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)，能夠幫助大家更好的進(jìn)行物理的復(fù)習(xí)和備考。在IGCSE物理學(xué)習(xí)期間，如果有什么疑問(wèn)，歡迎隨時(shí)咨詢我們！
