ap生物核心詞匯整理,這些單詞是你要掌握的!
對(duì)于選修AP生物學(xué)課程的同學(xué)們來說,AP生物學(xué)習(xí)的最大的難點(diǎn)就是各種復(fù)雜難記的專業(yè)詞匯了。為了幫助同學(xué)們更好的學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)AP生物,A+國際教育小編在本文中為大家整理了各章節(jié)AP生物核心詞匯,來看看你都掌握了嗎?
AP生物核心詞匯整理
Unit 1 The Chemistry of Life
生命中的化學(xué)
ionic bonding離子鍵_
covalent bonding共價(jià)鍵_
hydrogen bonding氫鍵_
polar,(non polar)molecule極性_(非極性)分子_
monomer單體_
polymer多聚物_
functional group(有機(jī)化學(xué)中的)功能團(tuán)_
carbohydrate糖類,碳水化合物_
protein蛋白質(zhì)_
lipid脂類_
nucleicacid核酸_
DNA脫氧核糖核酸_
RNA核糖核酸
enzyme生物酶
activationenergy反應(yīng)起始需要的能量
Unit 2 The Cell
細(xì)胞
prokaryote原核生物_
eukaryote真核生物_
cell membrane細(xì)胞膜_
phospholipid bilayer磷脂雙分子層
fluidmosaic model(生物膜的)流動(dòng)鑲嵌模型_
diffusion擴(kuò)散_
osmosis滲透_
activetransport主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸_
exocytosis胞吐_
endocytosis胞吞_
organelle細(xì)胞器_
chloroplast葉綠體_
mitochondria線粒體_
lysosome溶酶體_
ribosome核糖體_
cytoskeleton細(xì)胞骨架_
cellular respiration細(xì)胞呼吸_
fermentation發(fā)酵,無氧呼吸_
glycolysis糖酵解_
chemiosmosis化學(xué)偶聯(lián)_
citricacid(kreb’s)cycle三羧酸循環(huán)_
oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化_
electron transport chain電子傳遞鏈_
lacticacid乳酸_
photosynthesis光合作用_
autotrophy自養(yǎng)生物_
heterotrophy異養(yǎng)生物_
lightreaction光反應(yīng)_
calvincycle(dark reaction)暗反應(yīng)_
thylakoid類囊體_
stroma葉綠體基質(zhì)_
carbon fixation固碳(合成糖)的反應(yīng)_
Unit 3 Genetics
遺傳
mitosis有絲分裂_
chromosome染色體_
interphase間期_
prophase前期_
metaphase中期_
anaphase后期_
telophase末期_
cytokinesis胞質(zhì)分裂_
meiosis減數(shù)分裂_
haploid單倍體_
diploid雙倍體_
sister chromatid姐妹染色單體_
allele等位基因_
dominant顯性_
recessive隱性_
phenotype表現(xiàn)型_
genotype基因型_
homozygous純合子_
heterozygous雜合子_
P,F1,F2 generation母代,子一代,子二代_
testcross測(cè)交_
law of segregation分離定律_
law of independent assortment自由組合定律_
incomplete dominance不完全顯性_
codominance共顯性_
sex-linked伴性遺傳_
DNA replication DNA復(fù)制_
semi-conservative replication半保留復(fù)制_
polymerase復(fù)制酶(延長DNA鏈)_
replication fork復(fù)制叉_
okazakifragment岡崎片段_
mutation突變_
frameshift讀碼框遷移_
transcription轉(zhuǎn)錄_
introns內(nèi)含子_
exons外顯子_
translation翻譯_
virus病毒_
bacteriophage噬菌體_
retrovirus逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒_
bacteria細(xì)菌_
conjugation接合(通過F因子)_
transduction轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)(通過病毒)_
transformation轉(zhuǎn)化(通過感受態(tài)細(xì)胞)_
gene expression基因表達(dá)_
operon操縱子_
recombinant DNA DNA重組級(jí)數(shù)_
restriction enzyme限制性內(nèi)切酶_
plasmid質(zhì)粒_
gel electrophoresis凝膠電泳_
PCR polymerase chain reaction聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)_
DNA sequencing DNA測(cè)序_
Human genome project人類基因組工程_
Unit 4 Mechanisms of evolution
進(jìn)化原理
paleontology古生物學(xué)_
embryology胚胎學(xué)_
comparative anatomy比較解剖學(xué)_
homologous structures同源性結(jié)構(gòu)_
analogous structures同功性結(jié)構(gòu)_
artificial selection人工選擇_
natural selection自然選擇_
bottle-neckeffect瓶頸效應(yīng)_
hardy-weinberg equilibrium H-W群體進(jìn)化平衡(公式)_
genedrift基因漂移_
geneflow基因擴(kuò)散_
allopatrici solation地理隔離_
sympatric solation非地理隔離_
divergent evolution發(fā)散式進(jìn)化_
convergent evolution聚合式進(jìn)化_
parallel evolution平行式進(jìn)化_
gradualism漸變式進(jìn)化_
punctuated equilibrium躍進(jìn)式進(jìn)化_
endosymbiotic theory內(nèi)共生學(xué)說_
Unit 5 Biological diversity
生物分類和多樣性
Three domain生物三界_
Archaea古生菌_
thermophile嗜熱菌_
halophile嗜鹽菌_
protis t原生生物_
algae原生藻_
diatom硅藻_
fungi真菌_
moss苔蘚植物_
fern羊厥植物_
gymnosperm裸子植物_
angiosperm被子植物_
bilateral體對(duì)稱_
invertebrate無脊椎動(dòng)物_
vertebrate有脊椎動(dòng)物_
Unit 6 Plantform and function
植物結(jié)構(gòu)和功能
parenchyma薄壁組織_
collenchyma厚角組織_
sclerenchyma厚壁組織_
vasculartissue維管組織_
xylem木質(zhì)部_
phloem韌皮部_
sievetube篩管細(xì)胞_
companion cell伴隨細(xì)胞_
root根_
roothair根毛_
cortex皮質(zhì)_
leaf葉_
stomata氣孔細(xì)胞_
guard cell保衛(wèi)細(xì)胞_
vascular bundle維管束鞘_
transpiration蒸騰作用_
plant hormone植物激素_
auxin植物生長素_
apical dominance頂端優(yōu)勢(shì)_
gibberellin赤霉素_
cytokinin細(xì)胞分裂素_
ethylene乙烯_催熟劑_
abscisicacid(ABA)脫落酸_
phototropism趨光性_
photoperiodism光周期性_
Unit 7 Animalform and function
動(dòng)物生理和功能
homeostasis動(dòng)態(tài)平衡,穩(wěn)態(tài)_
respiratory System呼吸系統(tǒng)_
gill鰓_
lung肺_
hemoglobin血紅蛋白_
circulatory System循環(huán)系統(tǒng)_
open circulatory system開放循環(huán)系統(tǒng)_
closed circulatory system閉合循環(huán)系統(tǒng)_
heart心臟_
atria動(dòng)脈_
ventricle靜脈_
valve心瓣_
pulmonary circuit肺循環(huán)_
systemic circuit體循環(huán)_
capillary毛細(xì)血管_
RBC紅細(xì)胞_
WBC白細(xì)胞_
platelet血小板_
plasma血漿_
excretory system泌尿系統(tǒng)_
urea尿素_
uricacid尿酸_
digestive system消化系統(tǒng)_
salivaryamylase唾液淀粉酶_
pharynx咽_
stomach胃_
pepsin胃蛋白酶_
smallintestine小腸_
pancreas胰腺_
liver肝臟_
gallbladder膽_
largeintestine大腸_
nervoussystem神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)_
peripheral(神經(jīng))末梢區(qū)域的_
animalbehavior動(dòng)物行為_
FAP(sign stimlulus)應(yīng)激反應(yīng)_
imprinting印隨_
classical conditioning經(jīng)典條件作用,條件反射_
operant conditioning操作性條件反射_
habituation條件適應(yīng)_
Unit 8 Ecology
生態(tài)
survivorship curves生存曲線_
exponential growth指數(shù)生長_
carrying capacity(一個(gè)環(huán)境條件所允許的最大種群數(shù)量)負(fù)載力_
r-selected,K-selected見相關(guān)課本_
predation捕食者_(dá)
symbiosis共生_
mutualism互利共生_
commensalism非互利共生_
parasitism寄生_
biome生境_
tropicalrain forest熱帶雨林_
savanna熱帶稀樹大草原_
temperate grassland溫帶草原_
temperate deciduous forest溫帶落葉林_
desert沙漠_
taiga針葉林_
tundra凍原_
freshwater淡水生境_
marine海水生境_
primary producer初級(jí)生產(chǎn)者_(dá)
primary consumer初級(jí)消費(fèi)者_(dá)
secondary consumer次級(jí)消費(fèi)者_(dá)
tertiary consumer三級(jí)消費(fèi)者_(dá)
decomposer分解者_(dá)
foodweb食物鏈_
ecological pyramid食物鏈金字塔_
eutrophication富營養(yǎng)化_
carbon cycle碳循環(huán)_
water cycle水循環(huán)_
nitrogen cycle氮循環(huán)_
phosphorus cycle磷循環(huán)_
greenhouse effect,global warming溫室效應(yīng)_
ozone depletion臭氧層變薄_
acidrain酸雨_
lossof habitat&biodiversity生物多樣性受損_
deforestation森林砍伐和破壞_
introduced species外來入侵生物_
overexploitation過度開發(fā)_
desertification沙漠化_
好了,以上就是A+小編整理的一些各章節(jié)AP生物核心詞匯,大家在學(xué)習(xí)AP生物課程時(shí)應(yīng)該確保自己能夠完全掌握并會(huì)運(yùn)用這些生物學(xué)單詞。如果在AP生物學(xué)習(xí)過程中還有什么問題的話,可以聯(lián)系A(chǔ)+國際教育線上老師,讓老師一對(duì)一輔導(dǎo)你的AP課程的提升吧!

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