Thermal Physics熱學物理部分GCSE物理知識點總結

 

　　Thermal Physics熱學物理是GCSE物理課程第二章節(jié)中的內(nèi)容，今天A+國際教育小編就為大家總結了這部分課程學習中涉及到的主要GCSE物理知識點內(nèi)容，來幫助同學們做好復習工作。

　　2.1 Simple kinetic molecular model of matter物質(zhì)簡單分子動能模型

　　(a)States of matter物質(zhì)的狀態(tài)

　　1-state the distinguishing properties of solids,liquids and gases

　　描述固體，液體，氣體性質(zhì)的區(qū)別

　　(b)Molecular model分子模型

　　1-describe qualitatively the molecular structure of solids,liquids and gases

　　定性的描述固體，液體，氣體的分子結構

　　2-interpret the temperature of a gas in terms of the motion of its molecules

　　以分子運動來描述氣體的溫度

　　3-describe qualitatively the pressure of a gas in terms of the motion of its molecules

　　以分子運動來定性的描述氣體的壓強。

　　4-describe qualitatively the effect of a change of temperature on the pressure of a gas at constant volume

　　定性的描述體積不變時溫度的變化對壓強的影響。

　　5-show an understanding of the random motion of particles in a suspension as evidence for the kinetic molecular model of matter

　　解釋和理解粒子的隨機運動是分子動力學模型的一個實例

　　6-describe this motion(sometimes known as Brownian motion)in terms of random molecular bombardment

　　用分子的隨機碰撞來描述一種運動（布朗運動）

　　7-relate the properties of solids,liquids and gases to the forces and distances between molecules and to the motion of the molecules

　　聯(lián)系固體，液體，氣體的性質(zhì)與分子間力，分子間距離和分子的運動

　　8-show an appreciation that massive particles may be moved by light,fast moving molecules展示一定質(zhì)量的粒子被光照后移動，并且移動加快。

　　(c)Evaporation蒸發(fā)

　　1-describe evaporation in terms of the escape of more-energetic molecules from the surface of a liquid

　　以高能量的分子從液體表面逃離的方式描述蒸發(fā)。

　　2-relate evaporation and the consequent cooling

　　聯(lián)系蒸發(fā)和冷卻結果

　　3-demonstrate an understanding of how temperature,surface area and wind over a surface influence evaporation

　　描述理解溫度，表面積和表面的氣流對蒸發(fā)的影響。

　　(d)Pressure changes改變壓強

　　1-relate the change in volume of a gas to change in pressure applied to the gas at constant temperature

　　聯(lián)系溫度不變時，體積的改變引起壓強的改變。

　　2-recall and use the equation pV=constant at constant temperature

　　記住和應用當溫度不變時等式，PV=常數(shù)

　　2.2 Thermal properties熱性質(zhì)

　　(a)Thermal expansion of solids,liquids and gases

　　固體，液體和氣體的熱膨脹。

　　1-describe qualitatively the thermal expansion of solids,liquids and gases

　　定性的描述固體，液體和氣體的熱膨脹。

　　2-identify and explain some of the everyday applications and consequences of thermal expansion

　　描述和解釋一些生活中熱膨脹的實例

　　3-describe qualitatively the effect of a change of temperature on the volume of a gas at constant pressure mention

　　定性的描述提到的壓強一定時，溫度對氣體的影響。

　　4-show an appreciation of the relative order of magnitude of the expansion of solids,liquids and gases說明并展現(xiàn)固體、液體、氣體之間膨脹的關系

　　(b)Measurement of Temperature溫度的測量

　　1-appreciate how a physical property which varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of temperature and state examples of such properties

　　賞識一下變化溫度的物理性質(zhì)被用來測量溫度并描述一個類似的例子

　　2-recogize the need for and identify fixed Points

　　識別和辨認所需要的固定點

　　3-describe the structure and action of liquid in glass thermometers

　　描述一個液體溫度計的結構和作用

　　4-demonstrate understanding of sensitivity,range and linearity

　　說明和理解靈敏度，變化范圍和線性

　　5-describe the structure of a thermocouple and show understanding of its use for measuring high temperatures and those which vary rapidly

　　描述熱偶的結構和理解用它來測量迅速變化的高溫

　　(c)Thermal capacity熱容量

　　1-relate a rise in temperature of a body to an increase in internal energy

　　描述一個物體的溫度升高內(nèi)能增加。

　　2-show an understanding of the term thermal capacity理解說明熱容量

　　3-describe an experiment to measure the specific heat capacity of a substance

　　描述一個實驗測量一個物體的比熱容量。

　　(d)Melting and boiling熔化和沸騰

　　1-describe melting and boiling in terms of energy input without a change in temperature

　　溫度不變時用吸收的能量描述融化和沸騰

　　2-state the meaning of melting point and boiling point描述熔點和沸點的意義

　　3-describe condensation and solidification描述液化和凝固

　　4-distinguish between boiling and evaporation區(qū)分沸騰和蒸發(fā)

　　5-use the terms latent heat of vaporization and latent heat of fusion and give a molecular interpretation of latent heat

　　用蒸發(fā)潛熱和熔化潛熱和給定的分子解釋潛熱。

　　6-describe an experiment to measure specific latent heats for steam and for ice

　　描述一個測量水流和冰的淺比熱。

　　2.3 Transfer of thermal energy熱能的傳遞

　　(a)Conduction傳導

　　1-describe experiments to demonstrate the properties of good and bad conductors of heat

　　描述一個熱導體性能好壞的實驗。

　　2-give a simple molecular account of heat transfer in solids

　　給出在固體中一個簡單分子熱能的轉移。

　　(b)Convection對流

　　1-relate convection in fluids to density changes and describe experiments to illustrate convection

　　液體密度的改變和轉換的關系，描述一個實驗解釋轉換。

　　(c)Radiation輻射

　　1-identify infra-red radiation as part of the electromagnetic spectrum

　　辨認紅外輻射是電磁光譜的一部分。

　　2-describe experiments to show the properties of good and bad emitters and good and bad absorbers of infra-red radiation

　　描述一些實驗證明紅外輻射好的和壞的釋放者和吸收者。

　　(d)Consequences of energy transfer能量轉移的結果

　　1-identify and explain some of the everyday applications and consequences of conduction,convection and radiation

　　怎么樣以上這些Thermal Physics熱學物理部分GCSE物理知識點你都完全掌握了嗎？如果在GCSE物理課程學習中還有什么問題，歡迎隨時咨詢A+國際教育課程老師喲！