ACT考試寫(xiě)作部分應(yīng)該注意些什么？

 

　　一直以來(lái)，ACT考試寫(xiě)作部分都是很多同學(xué)們心中的一大難點(diǎn)，尤其在改革后的ACT寫(xiě)作比之前難度更是有所增加。那么究竟該如何克服ACT考試寫(xiě)作難題，順利取得理想的ACT成績(jī)呢？下面A加未來(lái)小編就帶大家分析ACT考試寫(xiě)作中所需要注意的一些要點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，并進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)，一起來(lái)了解一下吧！

　　第一、主體段的互斥性

　　每個(gè)主體段應(yīng)該分別從不同的角度對(duì)話題進(jìn)行展開(kāi)，這樣才是條理清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)。如果body1的例子同樣可以用來(lái)支持body2的觀點(diǎn)，讓步段的反駁又回到了body1，就出現(xiàn)了主體段之間的overlap，說(shuō)明考生不能organize ideas logically。

　　要實(shí)現(xiàn)主體段的互斥性首先需要注意每個(gè)段的關(guān)鍵詞（關(guān)鍵詞反映了該段的中心思想），上一段的關(guān)鍵詞不能重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在下一段。以Tech-free Time為例：

　　以支持tech-free time為例，很多學(xué)生寫(xiě)P1主體段的段落大意是Although technologies make our lives convenient,they lead to people’s addition to technology。這樣就出現(xiàn)了P1主體段和P3主體段在addition方面重疊，導(dǎo)致文章結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯混亂。由此可以看出每個(gè)段的關(guān)鍵詞不能重復(fù)。P1的展開(kāi)應(yīng)該改成Although technologies make our lives convenient,they exert many negative effects on our health。

　　第二、充分展開(kāi)分論點(diǎn)

　　主體段的分論點(diǎn)已經(jīng)確定了，接下來(lái)是通過(guò)reasoning（說(shuō)理）或者example（舉例）進(jìn)行展開(kāi)。

　　Reasoning就是用概括性的語(yǔ)言講道理，回答為什么。絕大多數(shù)中國(guó)學(xué)生在reasoning方面比較薄弱，一方面ACT寫(xiě)作的話題我們不熟悉，另一方面學(xué)校的辯證思維訓(xùn)練很少。即便如此，通過(guò)寫(xiě)作課的講解和強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，同學(xué)們的reasoning能力會(huì)有所提高。Reasoning的關(guān)鍵在于必須有邏輯鏈條，而大多數(shù)學(xué)生的問(wèn)題往往是單一的內(nèi)容繞來(lái)繞去、一團(tuán)亂麻。以Intelligent Machines的P1為例（P1:What we lose with the replacement of people by machines is some part of our own humanity.Even our mundane daily encounters no longer require from us basic courtesy,respect,and tolerance for other people.），比較以下兩個(gè)版本：

　　Version One:

　　Over dependence on intelligent machines makes people lose humanity.If there are too many machines in our life,people’s social skills will get week.They do not have as many face-to-face talks as before.They would not know how to communicate with others,and they may easily offend others.Thus,they do not know how to respect people.Although digital devices,phones and computers,make our communication much more convenient,face-to-face communication is different from chatting via the Internet.People may tell all kinds of lies on the Internet.

　　Version Two

　　Our careless use of automation has already taken a toll on our culture.People have been interacting with automation in nearly every aspect of their lives,whether it be shopping,banking,or the use of a telephone.The effect of this is obvious:basic respect for our fellow man is all but absent today because of increased interaction with automation.Why treat a machine with kindness?It suffers no emotional or psychological damage.In a culture saturated with automation,we get used to treating machines rudely,and we begin to treat each other rudely.This of course leads to all sorts of issues,like intolerance and incivility,and in the long run,results in the complete degradation of culture.

　　第一個(gè)版本的邏輯非常混亂，各種短句把句間邏輯分割開(kāi)了。第二個(gè)版本有清晰的邏輯鏈：因?yàn)闄C(jī)器沒(méi)有情感所以人們對(duì)機(jī)器很粗魯，這種粗魯會(huì)隨著機(jī)器在生活中的普及而固化成習(xí)慣，這樣人們對(duì)待彼此也會(huì)粗魯，從而對(duì)導(dǎo)致loss of humanity。

　　寫(xiě)reasoning之前必須打草稿，整理出一個(gè)清晰的邏輯鏈，然后再用完整的句子表達(dá)出來(lái)，組成段落。

　　Example相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，但是很多學(xué)生在舉例時(shí)也會(huì)出問(wèn)題。即使找到了合適的例子，但例子的細(xì)節(jié)卻把握不好，會(huì)出現(xiàn)跟分論點(diǎn)無(wú)關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)信息。以Mastery的P1為例（P1:Dedication to a goal gives purpose and order to life.The determination and persistence required for mastery shape us into strong people and are rewards in themselves.），比較以下兩個(gè)版本：

　　Version one

　　Mastering a particular skill shapes people to be tough and strong.If one does not practice to master a skill,he will be accustomed to a relaxing state of mind and eventually lose the ability to fulfill a demanding task in the future.On the contrary,mastering a skill makes one strong.Take the example of Nicholas James Vujicic,a motivational speaker.He was born without all four limbs and was laughed at by classmates and neighbors.But on day,he got inspired by a handicapped man in a newspaper who struggled to make the best out of his life.From that day on,he started to practice sports and take care of his daily activities,such as brushing teeth and driving a car.He also delivered speeches to inspire millions of people,and found a NPO to help misfortunate people.Eventually,he got fame and be respected by the entire world.

　　Version Two

　　The fortitude and perseverance committed to a goal toughen one’s mind and shape one’s character.A relaxing state of mind would reinforce our indolence dwelling in all of us;without challenging one to boost his potentials,he will have no motivation to improve himself and become better.Instead,a determined mind of gaining the proficiency of a skill would lesson one to be tough and strong.Take the example of Nicholas James Vujicic,a motivational speaker.Before he resolved to transcend his physical disorder of having no limbs,he was vulnerable to derision and criticism from others so that he attempted several suicides in his childhood.Since he started to practice for mundane activities and speeches,he was stimulated to be optimistic and resolute and eventually transformed to be a respected speaker worldwide.

　　兩個(gè)版本使用了同一個(gè)例子，但是第一個(gè)例子不合格，沒(méi)有根據(jù)Topic sentence的關(guān)鍵詞”mastering a skill”,“tough and strong”進(jìn)行展開(kāi)?！眒astering a skill”本該具體展開(kāi)卻被最簡(jiǎn)化了，也沒(méi)有細(xì)節(jié)說(shuō)明”tough and strong”。而無(wú)關(guān)的信息卻被詳寫(xiě)了，如”he got inspired by...”,“found a NPO...”等。而第二個(gè)例子根據(jù)topic sentence進(jìn)行了有針對(duì)性地展開(kāi)。

　　所以，topic sentence的關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)于例子的展開(kāi)也是至關(guān)重要的，跟關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)要重點(diǎn)展開(kāi)，無(wú)關(guān)的信息要毫不猶豫的舍棄。

　　第三、解讀觀點(diǎn)要深入

　　Perspective的解讀不唯一，各種解讀雖沒(méi)有對(duì)錯(cuò)之分，卻有深淺之別。有些學(xué)生只是進(jìn)行表面的解讀，缺乏結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)行深入分析。以Latest and Greatest的P2為例（Our great desire for the“l(fā)atest and greatest”represents a dangerous cultural mindset:everything is disposable;little is cherished or made to last.）：

　　很多學(xué)生會(huì)直接翻譯”everything is disposable”，從而解讀成pursuing new things makes people get rid of the old products，然后以iPhone為例說(shuō)明蘋(píng)果不斷推出新版本的手機(jī)，舊手機(jī)還沒(méi)有壞就被丟掉了。

　　其實(shí)，結(jié)合之前學(xué)過(guò)的Creativity的P1（Many newly created things today defy tradition and ignore history.）這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)可以轉(zhuǎn)化成“求新與傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)系”，這樣的解讀更為深刻。

　　以上就是A加未來(lái)小編關(guān)于ACT考試寫(xiě)作部分的一些指導(dǎo)和建議，同學(xué)們可以利用考前時(shí)間多進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作練習(xí)以及文章分析，來(lái)幫助自己把握好更多的文章結(jié)構(gòu)和思路，這樣在考場(chǎng)中面對(duì)寫(xiě)作考試才能做到下筆如有神。