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雅思作文中如何恰當(dāng)?shù)倪M(jìn)行舉例

考試技巧       時間:2020-04-01 11:21      

 

  我們知道,在雅思作文寫作中,經(jīng)常需要涉及很多舉例問題,合理恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例是我們實現(xiàn)充分論證的最佳途徑,而在雅思作文考試要求中,更是對舉例有著非常明確的要求:


  在評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)TR項中,6分的要求是“提出了多個相關(guān)的主要論點(diǎn),但某些論點(diǎn)可能未能充分展開進(jìn)行論證或不甚清晰”,7分的要求是“呈現(xiàn)、發(fā)展主要論點(diǎn)并就其進(jìn)行論證,但有時出現(xiàn)過于一概而論的傾向及/或論點(diǎn)缺乏重點(diǎn)的傾向”,8分的要求是“就寫作任務(wù)中的問題進(jìn)行較為充分展開的回應(yīng),并提出相關(guān)的、得以延伸的以及含有論據(jù)的論點(diǎn)”,9分的要求是“就寫作任務(wù)重的問題提出充分展開的觀點(diǎn),并提出相關(guān)的、得以延伸的以及論據(jù)充分的論點(diǎn)”。


  那么我們究竟該如何更為合理、恰當(dāng)?shù)倪M(jìn)行雅思作文舉例呢?下面A加未來小編就針對這一問題為大家提供針對性的指導(dǎo),希望對大家有所幫助。


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  一、例子與段落結(jié)構(gòu)


  雅思考察的是交流能力,就寫作而言,就是考察考生用英語寫出易懂段落的能力。要讓一個段落易懂,最好只論述一個idea。很多雅思考生誤以為idea數(shù)量越多,TR分?jǐn)?shù)越高。實際上恰恰相反,只有用解釋和例子充分拓展idea才會得高分,idea數(shù)量多并不會加分。以下面的題目和段落為例:


  題目:Today people are traveling more than before.Why is this the case?


  段落1:I think more people are traveling because people are earning more money these days and they can afford to travel.Additionally,flights are much cheaper than they were in the past.Moreover,people have very stressful lives these days and need to go on holiday.Furthermore,children expect to be taken on holiday when they are off school during the summer.Finally,it is good for the family to spend time with one another.


  說明:上述段落列出了多個觀點(diǎn),向考官展示了自己對這個話題的了解程度。但是,雅思考的不是知識面,而是寫作能力。這個段落只是在列清單,沒有充分地拓展觀點(diǎn)、形成一個邏輯連貫的段落。


  段落2:In the past,air tickets were only for the rich and famous because most salaries could not cover the price of a flight to a foreign country.This meant that the majority simply stayed at home or took their holidays domestically;however,this has all changed with the creation of budget airlines.Low-cost carriers,such as Ryanair in Europe or Tiger Air in Asia,have meant that anyone can save up and travel to a new country,with prices starting as low as$1.


  說明:段落2只提出了一個觀點(diǎn)“航空旅行便宜”。作者在第一句提出了觀點(diǎn),然后進(jìn)行了解釋,扣住題目,并使用例子來支撐。這是符合考官期待的段落,其結(jié)構(gòu)可以概括為:中心句(提出觀點(diǎn))+解釋(解釋觀點(diǎn),為什么你這么認(rèn)為,與題目的關(guān)系)+舉例。


  二、怎樣舉例


  很多考生覺得舉例很難,如果沒有真實的例子,其實編一個就行。考官不會核實例子的真實性,他們只在乎你是否會舉例。


  編例子有四種方法:高校研究,政府民調(diào),新聞報道,個人經(jīng)驗,例如:


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  三、避免泛化


  雅思考生在舉例時最容易出現(xiàn)的錯誤就是泛化(too general),例子要具體才能有力的支撐論證。下面結(jié)合題目和論點(diǎn)來說明怎樣的例子算具體:


  題目:為什么女性應(yīng)獲得同等收入。


  論點(diǎn):在大學(xué)里,女性分?jǐn)?shù)比男生高。


  舉例1:For example,women achieve more than men at university.


  說明:這是個籠統(tǒng)的陳述,并沒有在支撐論點(diǎn),而只是在重復(fù)論點(diǎn)。


  舉例2:For instance,most women on my university course did better than men.


  說明:這個比上一個好一些,提到“我的大學(xué)”讓例子更具體,但還是缺乏細(xì)節(jié),讀起來感覺含糊。


  舉例3:For example,at Queen’s University in 2009 32%of female law graduates achieved First Class Honours,while only 8%of males achieved the same.


  說明:這是個非常具體的例子,包含了時間、地點(diǎn)、數(shù)字。當(dāng)與人討論問題時,顯然這樣的例子更有說服力,更能讓對方理解和接受你的觀點(diǎn)。


  讓例子具體化的辦法就是:增加日期、地點(diǎn)、公司名稱、大學(xué)名稱、人名、統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)等信息。


  四、例子的語言


  一篇大作文里提到2-3個例子即可,可以用以下短語來引出例子:


  1.For example,thousands of Palestinians and Israelis have joined the same online groups that show support for peace and solidarity,something that would have been impossible 25 years ago.


  2.For instance,Cambridge University found in a recent study that 62%of men and women who paid for an annual gym membership failed to go entirely after just one month.


  3.This is illustrated by the fact that in the United States you must complete four years of higher education before you can study law.


  4.Many sports brands,such as Adidas and Nike,pay professional athletes million of dollars to endorse their products.


  5.There are now a few low cost airlines in the UK,namely Ryanair and Easyjet,that offer very affordable flights.


  以上就是A加未來小編關(guān)于雅思作文中舉例問題的講解,更多雅思考試備考問題,歡迎隨時咨詢我們的在線老師,讓專業(yè)的雅思老師一對一為你進(jìn)行針對性的輔導(dǎo)和培訓(xùn)吧!

 

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