Thermal Physics熱學(xué)物理部分GCSE物理知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

 

　　Thermal Physics熱學(xué)物理是GCSE物理課程第二章節(jié)中的內(nèi)容，今天A+國(guó)際教育小編就為大家總結(jié)了這部分課程學(xué)習(xí)中涉及到的主要GCSE物理知識(shí)點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，來(lái)幫助同學(xué)們做好復(fù)習(xí)工作。

　　2.1 Simple kinetic molecular model of matter物質(zhì)簡(jiǎn)單分子動(dòng)能模型

　　(a)States of matter物質(zhì)的狀態(tài)

　　1-state the distinguishing properties of solids,liquids and gases

　　描述固體，液體，氣體性質(zhì)的區(qū)別

　　(b)Molecular model分子模型

　　1-describe qualitatively the molecular structure of solids,liquids and gases

　　定性的描述固體，液體，氣體的分子結(jié)構(gòu)

　　2-interpret the temperature of a gas in terms of the motion of its molecules

　　以分子運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)描述氣體的溫度

　　3-describe qualitatively the pressure of a gas in terms of the motion of its molecules

　　以分子運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)定性的描述氣體的壓強(qiáng)。

　　4-describe qualitatively the effect of a change of temperature on the pressure of a gas at constant volume

　　定性的描述體積不變時(shí)溫度的變化對(duì)壓強(qiáng)的影響。

　　5-show an understanding of the random motion of particles in a suspension as evidence for the kinetic molecular model of matter

　　解釋和理解粒子的隨機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)是分子動(dòng)力學(xué)模型的一個(gè)實(shí)例

　　6-describe this motion(sometimes known as Brownian motion)in terms of random molecular bombardment

　　用分子的隨機(jī)碰撞來(lái)描述一種運(yùn)動(dòng)（布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)）

　　7-relate the properties of solids,liquids and gases to the forces and distances between molecules and to the motion of the molecules

　　聯(lián)系固體，液體，氣體的性質(zhì)與分子間力，分子間距離和分子的運(yùn)動(dòng)

　　8-show an appreciation that massive particles may be moved by light,fast moving molecules展示一定質(zhì)量的粒子被光照后移動(dòng)，并且移動(dòng)加快。

　　(c)Evaporation蒸發(fā)

　　1-describe evaporation in terms of the escape of more-energetic molecules from the surface of a liquid

　　以高能量的分子從液體表面逃離的方式描述蒸發(fā)。

　　2-relate evaporation and the consequent cooling

　　聯(lián)系蒸發(fā)和冷卻結(jié)果

　　3-demonstrate an understanding of how temperature,surface area and wind over a surface influence evaporation

　　描述理解溫度，表面積和表面的氣流對(duì)蒸發(fā)的影響。

　　(d)Pressure changes改變壓強(qiáng)

　　1-relate the change in volume of a gas to change in pressure applied to the gas at constant temperature

　　聯(lián)系溫度不變時(shí)，體積的改變引起壓強(qiáng)的改變。

　　2-recall and use the equation pV=constant at constant temperature

　　記住和應(yīng)用當(dāng)溫度不變時(shí)等式，PV=常數(shù)

　　2.2 Thermal properties熱性質(zhì)

　　(a)Thermal expansion of solids,liquids and gases

　　固體，液體和氣體的熱膨脹。

　　1-describe qualitatively the thermal expansion of solids,liquids and gases

　　定性的描述固體，液體和氣體的熱膨脹。

　　2-identify and explain some of the everyday applications and consequences of thermal expansion

　　描述和解釋一些生活中熱膨脹的實(shí)例

　　3-describe qualitatively the effect of a change of temperature on the volume of a gas at constant pressure mention

　　定性的描述提到的壓強(qiáng)一定時(shí)，溫度對(duì)氣體的影響。

　　4-show an appreciation of the relative order of magnitude of the expansion of solids,liquids and gases說(shuō)明并展現(xiàn)固體、液體、氣體之間膨脹的關(guān)系

　　(b)Measurement of Temperature溫度的測(cè)量

　　1-appreciate how a physical property which varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of temperature and state examples of such properties

　　賞識(shí)一下變化溫度的物理性質(zhì)被用來(lái)測(cè)量溫度并描述一個(gè)類似的例子

　　2-recogize the need for and identify fixed Points

　　識(shí)別和辨認(rèn)所需要的固定點(diǎn)

　　3-describe the structure and action of liquid in glass thermometers

　　描述一個(gè)液體溫度計(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和作用

　　4-demonstrate understanding of sensitivity,range and linearity

　　說(shuō)明和理解靈敏度，變化范圍和線性

　　5-describe the structure of a thermocouple and show understanding of its use for measuring high temperatures and those which vary rapidly

　　描述熱偶的結(jié)構(gòu)和理解用它來(lái)測(cè)量迅速變化的高溫

　　(c)Thermal capacity熱容量

　　1-relate a rise in temperature of a body to an increase in internal energy

　　描述一個(gè)物體的溫度升高內(nèi)能增加。

　　2-show an understanding of the term thermal capacity理解說(shuō)明熱容量

　　3-describe an experiment to measure the specific heat capacity of a substance

　　描述一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量一個(gè)物體的比熱容量。

　　(d)Melting and boiling熔化和沸騰

　　1-describe melting and boiling in terms of energy input without a change in temperature

　　溫度不變時(shí)用吸收的能量描述融化和沸騰

　　2-state the meaning of melting point and boiling point描述熔點(diǎn)和沸點(diǎn)的意義

　　3-describe condensation and solidification描述液化和凝固

　　4-distinguish between boiling and evaporation區(qū)分沸騰和蒸發(fā)

　　5-use the terms latent heat of vaporization and latent heat of fusion and give a molecular interpretation of latent heat

　　用蒸發(fā)潛熱和熔化潛熱和給定的分子解釋潛熱。

　　6-describe an experiment to measure specific latent heats for steam and for ice

　　描述一個(gè)測(cè)量水流和冰的淺比熱。

　　2.3 Transfer of thermal energy熱能的傳遞

　　(a)Conduction傳導(dǎo)

　　1-describe experiments to demonstrate the properties of good and bad conductors of heat

　　描述一個(gè)熱導(dǎo)體性能好壞的實(shí)驗(yàn)。

　　2-give a simple molecular account of heat transfer in solids

　　給出在固體中一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單分子熱能的轉(zhuǎn)移。

　　(b)Convection對(duì)流

　　1-relate convection in fluids to density changes and describe experiments to illustrate convection

　　液體密度的改變和轉(zhuǎn)換的關(guān)系，描述一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)解釋轉(zhuǎn)換。

　　(c)Radiation輻射

　　1-identify infra-red radiation as part of the electromagnetic spectrum

　　辨認(rèn)紅外輻射是電磁光譜的一部分。

　　2-describe experiments to show the properties of good and bad emitters and good and bad absorbers of infra-red radiation

　　描述一些實(shí)驗(yàn)證明紅外輻射好的和壞的釋放者和吸收者。

　　(d)Consequences of energy transfer能量轉(zhuǎn)移的結(jié)果

　　1-identify and explain some of the everyday applications and consequences of conduction,convection and radiation

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