IGCSE詩歌賞析：透過“籠中之鳥”看美國(guó)黑人和女性的抗?fàn)幨罚?/h1>
本文出處：IB培訓(xùn) 發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-07-29 14:41:05 字體大小： A+ A-
瑪雅·安吉羅，作家、詩人、劇作家、編輯、演員、導(dǎo)演和教師，是當(dāng)代美國(guó)黑人女詩人中的杰出代表。 今天A加未來國(guó)際教育李老師帶大家來賞析一下IGCSE詩歌作品Caged Bird。 這首詩歌是瑪雅在50歲的時(shí)候創(chuàng)作的，20世紀(jì)60年代的美國(guó)呈現(xiàn)出嚴(yán)重的種族歧視問題，男女不平等問題，作為黑人女性，她遭到了很多不公平的區(qū)別對(duì)待。親身經(jīng)歷了這些遭遇，她想通過詩歌來譴責(zé)當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，呼喚起人們的平等意識(shí)。
Caged Bird
A free birdleaps
on the back of the wind
and floats downstream
till the current ends
and dips his wing
in the orange sun rays
and dares to claim the sky.
But a bird that stalks
down his narrow cage
can seldom see through
his bars of rage
his wings are clipped and
his feet aretied
so he opens his throat to sing.
The caged bird sings
with a fearful trill
of things unknown
but longed for still
and his tune is heard
on the distant hill
for the caged bird
sings of freedom.
The free bird thinks of anotherbreeze
and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees
and the fat worms waiting on a dawn bright lawn
and he names the sky his own
But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams
his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream
his wings are clipped and his feet are tied
so he opens his throat to sing.
The caged bird sings
with a fearful trill
of things unknown
but longed for still
and his tune is heard
on the distant hill
for the caged bird
sings of freedom.
結(jié)構(gòu)
本首詩歌共有6個(gè)小節(jié)，詩歌的結(jié)構(gòu)并不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，這也和當(dāng)代詩歌的特點(diǎn)相符合。第3小節(jié)和第6小節(jié)內(nèi)容重復(fù)，詩人想要加強(qiáng)語氣，在內(nèi)容上進(jìn)行重復(fù)。
詩歌沒有特別整齊的押韻形式，但是在一些詩行中，也是可以看到隔行、跨行押韻的。
意象
非常明顯，這首詩歌中體現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)相對(duì)的意象：free bird; caged bird，對(duì)于兩種鳥的描述也體現(xiàn)出鮮明的特點(diǎn)：
1. Free bird:leaps; dip his wings in the sun’s of orange rays; breeze; soft; dawn bright lawn; 所有的用詞都是柔和且積極樂觀的，leap體現(xiàn)出了小鳥的活波和欣喜，周圍景物的顏色描寫則體現(xiàn)出鳥兒無憂無慮的生活
2. Caged bird: stalk; bars of rage; grave od dreams; his wings are clipped and his feet are tied; nightmare scream; fearful; 對(duì)于籠中鳥，詩人運(yùn)用了一系列具有否定意義且消極的詞匯，鳥兒的爪子被牢牢捆住，失去了自由，這個(gè)籠子看上去就像是個(gè)墳?zāi)?，鳥兒做噩夢(mèng)，體現(xiàn)出了籠中之鳥被束縛受人擺布，失去了自由。
修辭手法
本詩最明顯的修辭手法是metaphor，瑪雅借助描繪兩種不同的鳥想要暗指兩種人，自由之鳥代表的是享受自由、受尊重的白人或男性.
而籠中之鳥則暗指了受到壓迫和歧視的黑人或女性，社會(huì)對(duì)待他們就像籠中鳥一樣，處處給予壓迫和壓力，讓他們無力反抗，只能忍耐和承受。
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