今天我們接著看IB心理學生物學方法。生物學方法是通過檢查生物因素來研究行為。下面的詞匯表將幫助同學了解這些因素是什么？了解關鍵術語的含義是學習任何心理學主題的第一步。
以下A加未來張老師給大家整理的IB心理學中生物學方法的關鍵術語及其定義列表。
主要詞匯表
The biological approach to understanding human behavior:Trying to understand human cognition and behaviour by looking at how they’re affected by biological factors.
理解人類行為的生物學方法：通過研究人類的認知和行為如何受到生物學因素的影響來嘗試理解它們。
Technological techniques (used to study the brain): A range of new technologicaltechniques used to study the relationships between the brain and behavior, e.g. fMRI / MRI / PET / EEG (You should be able to summarize how at least one of these work, e.g. fMRI is a brain imaging technique that uses magnetic fields to measure brain activity.
?技術技術（用于研究大腦）：用于研究大腦與行為之間關系的一系列新技術，例如fMRI / MRI / PET / EEG（相信大家能總結(jié)出至少其中一種是如何工作的，例如，fMRI是一種大腦成像技術，它使用磁場來測量大腦活動。
?Localization (of brain function): The term used to describe how different parts of the brain perform different functions.
?（大腦功能的）定位：該術語用于描述大腦的不同部分如何執(zhí)行不同的功能。
?Neuroplasticity: The brain’s ability to change as a result of experience.
?神經(jīng)可塑性：根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，大腦的變化能力。
?Neurotransmitter: A chemical messenger that sends messages along neural pathways. A variety of these have been identified and associated with different behaviours.
?神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)：一種化學信使，可以沿著神經(jīng)途徑發(fā)送信息。已經(jīng)確定了其中的各種，并與不同的行為相關聯(lián)。
?Neurotransmission: The process of neurons sending signals to each other – they send signals and communicate with one another through neurotransmitters.
?神經(jīng)傳遞：神經(jīng)元彼此發(fā)送信號的過程-它們發(fā)送信號并通過神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)彼此通信。
?Hormone: A chemical messenger that is transported through the bloodstream. These messengers affect physiological processes and behaviour.
?激素：通過血液運輸?shù)幕瘜W信使。這些信使會影響生理過程和行為。
?Pheromone: A chemical messenger that is sent from one animal and it has an effect on a different animal.
?信息素：一種從動物身上發(fā)出的化學信使，它對另一只動物有影響。
?Gene: A sequence of DNA. They have an effect on behaviour through gene expression – the sending of signals from the gene to outside the cell.
?基因：DNA序列。它們通過基因表達對行為產(chǎn)生影響-從基因向細胞外部發(fā)送信號。
?Genetic similarities: The use of people with similar genes in research, e.g. identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic) twins. These are used as variables in studies on the relative effect of genes on behaviour (e.g. heritability).
?遺傳相似性：在研究中使用具有相似基因的人，例如同卵（單卵）和異卵（雙卵）。這些在研究基因?qū)π袨椋ɡ邕z傳性）的相對影響時用作變量。
?Twin study: A twin study uses MZ and DZ twins and compares their behaviour in order to measure heritability.
?孿生研究：孿生研究使用MZ和DZ孿生并比較其行為以測量遺傳力。
?Evolutionary explanation of behavior: Explaining how a behaviour helps an individual to pass on their genes by helping them to survive, procreate and/or produce healthy offspring (children).
?行為的進化解釋：解釋行為如何通過幫助個體生存，繁殖和/或繁殖健康的后代（兒童）來幫助個體遺傳。
?Animal model (HL): The use of animals in research to understand how biological factors affect behaviour. (The term can refer to the specific animals themselves, but can also refer to the general explanation of biology and behaviour that is gained from the animal experiment/s.)
?動物模型（HL）：在研究中使用動物來了解生物學因素如何影響行為。（該術語可以指特定動物本身，但也可以指從動物實驗中獲得的生物學和行為的一般解釋。）
了解這些術語是第一步，想獲得高分，同學們要能進行延伸并能夠為這些主題中的一些給出具體的示例，并對它們進行定義。以下是部分延伸詞匯：
附加詞匯
?Neural network: A series of connected neurons that allows the processing and transmitting of information. Specific networks are responsible for specific tasks.
?神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡：一系列連接的神經(jīng)元，允許處理和傳輸信息。特定的網(wǎng)絡負責特定的任務。
?Neural pruning: (aka Synaptic pruning) This happens when we lose these synaptic connections in a neural network because we do not use them.
?神經(jīng)修剪：（又名突觸修剪）當我們由于不使用它們而在神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡中丟失這些突觸連接時，會發(fā)生這種情況。
?Synapse: The space between two neurons where neurotransmitters are fired.
?突觸：發(fā)射神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的兩個神經(jīng)元之間的空間。
?Excitatory neurotransmitter: An excitatory neurotransmitter binds to receptor sites and increases the chances of the post-synaptic neuron firing (sending a signal).
?興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)：興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)與受體位點結(jié)合，增加突觸后神經(jīng)元激發(fā)的機會（發(fā)送信號）。
?Inhibitory neurotransmitter: A neurotransmitter that binds to receptor sites and reduces the chances of the post-synaptic neuron firing (sending a signal).
?抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)：一種與受體位點結(jié)合并減少突觸后神經(jīng)元放電（發(fā)送信號）的機會的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)。
?Agonist: A chemical that amplifies the effect of a neurotransmitter by binding to the receptor sites of that neurotransmitter and activating them.
?激動劑：一種化學物質(zhì)，可通過與神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的受體位點結(jié)合并激活它們來放大神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的作用。
?Antagonist: A chemical that reduces the effect of a neurotransmitter by binding to and blocking the receptor sites of that neurotransmitter.
?拮抗劑：一種化學物質(zhì)，通過結(jié)合并阻斷神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的受體位點來降低神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的作用。
?Neuron: A neuron is a type of cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
?神經(jīng)元：神經(jīng)元是一種通過電和化學信號接收，處理和傳輸信息的細胞。
以上就是老師給大家整理的IB心理學中生物學方法的關鍵術語及其定義列表。相信大家通過對這些關鍵術語的了解和記憶，可以快速提高對心理學的認知和了解，最終獲得自己滿意的成績。
